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Sharjah is located in Persian Gulf
Sharjah
Sharjah
Location within the Persian Gulf
Sharjah
ٱلشَّارقَة
Metropolis
Sharjah
Clockwise from top:
Al Khan Lagoon, Heritage District, Al-Noor Mosque, Cultural Palace, Blue Souk, Al-Qasba Canal
Flag of Sharjah
Coat of arms of Sharjah
Sharjah is located in United Arab Emirates
Sharjah
Sharjah
Location of Sharjah in the UAE

Coordinates: 25°21′27″N 55°23′27″E / 25.35750°N 55.39083°E / 25.35750; 55.39083Country United Arab EmiratesEmirate SharjahGovernment

 

 • TypeAbsolute monarchy • SheikhSultan bin Muhammad Al-QasimiArea

 
 • Total

235.5 km2 (90.9 sq mi)Population

 (2022–23)[1]
 • Total

1,800,000 • Rank3rd • Density7,600/km2 (20,000/sq mi)GDP

[2]

 • TotalUS$ 58.9 billion (2023) • Per capitaUS$ 32,100 (2023)

Sharjah (/ˈʃɑːrə/; Arabic: ٱلشَّارقَة aš-Šāriqah, Gulf Arabic: aš-Šārja[3]) is a major port city and the third-most populous city in the United Arab Emirates, after Dubai and Abu Dhabi.[4][5] It is the capital of the Emirate of Sharjah and forms part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area. The emirate shares legal, political, military and economic functions with the other emirates of the UAE within a federal framework. Each emirate has jurisdiction over some functions such as civil law enforcement and provision and upkeep of local facilities. Sharjah has been ruled by the Al Qasimi dynasty since the 18th century.

The city is a center for culture and industry, and alone contributes 7.4% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates.[6] The city covers approximately 235 km2 and has a population of over 1,800,000 (2022–2023).[1] Sharjah has been officially named as a WHO healthy city.[7] The 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Sharjah as the 68th best city in the world to be a university student.[8] Sharjah is regarded as the cultural capital of the UAE,[9][10] and was the Islamic culture capital of 2014[11] and Sharjah World Book Capital for 2019 by UNESCO.[12]

On 1 January 2022, Sharjah made history when its public sector adopted a four-day working week and a three-day weekend, becoming the first government sector in the Gulf region and the entire Middle East to fully adopt a four-day working week.[13]

Etymology

[edit]

The origin of the name of Sharjah is unknown, with most common interpretations linking the origin of the word Sharjah to the word sharq (Arabic: شَرْق, lit. 'east') due to the fact that the city is located to the east of Dubai and Abu Dhabi, and that Sharjah was the easternmost settlement at the time.[14]

However, other interpretations have disputed the origin of the name based on location, and suggested instead that it refers to the word shurūq (Arabic: شُروق, lit. 'sunrise'). Further theories have linked the name to a pre-Islamic idol called Abed Al Shareq that transformed into Sharjah. The origin of the word has also been linked to the Andalusi Arabic usage of the word, which was used to refer to a fort.[15]

History

[edit]
An old door in Sharjah, displaying the historical architecture of the city.

Sharjah was historically one of the wealthiest towns in this region with a settlement in existence for over 5000 years.[16] In the early 18th century, the Huwayla tribe of the Qawasim clan established itself in Sharjah c. 1727, declaring Sharjah independent. On 8 January 1820, Sheikh Sultan I signed the General Maritime Treaty with Britain, accepting a protectorate to keep the Ottoman Turks out. Like its neighbors Ajman, Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah, and Umm Al Quwain, Sharjah's position on the route to India made it important enough to be recognized as a salute state (be it of the lowest class: 3 guns).

In 1829, English author and traveler James Silk Buckingham described Sharjah as such:

"In the course of the night, we had passed the port of Sharjee, on the Arabian coast, which is not an island, Niebuhr's chart, the only one in which it is inserted; but a small town, on a sandy beach, containing from five to six hundred inhabitants. It is situated in lat. 25° 34' north, and lies eleven leagues south-west of a small island, close to the shore, called Jeziret-el-Hamra; and three leagues south-west of Sharjee is Aboo Hayle."[17]

With the approach of the 20th century, Sharjah extended inland to the area now known as Wasit Suburb, the area between the city and Al Dhaid being under the control of the tribes of the interior. With a population of 15,000 inhabitants, Sharjah had some four or five shops in Layyah and a bazaar of around 200 shops in main Sharjah.[18]

In the midst of World War II, Nazi propaganda infiltrated the town. Loud propagating of pro-Hitler speeches could be heard emanating from the Sheikh of Sharjah's palace during a period in 1940, and messages sharing a similar sentiment graffitied on walls in the town center according to British intelligence reports at the time, for the messages being propagated by the Germans was one of anti-imperialism, it found a sympathetic audience among some of the emirate's populace, particularly Abdullah bin Faris, a secretary of the Sheikh who was responsible for the broadcasts. After the Sheikh was confronted by the British, he wrote a letter reaffirming his support for the British war efforts and disputed the charges laid out against bin Faris. Attached to the letter was a petition signed by 48 prominent individuals testifying to bin Faris' character, which, according to the British, had been misrepresented to the signees. The incident resolved after the Sheikh and bin Faris ceased transmitting propaganda and doubled down on their support to the British.[19]

On 2 December 1971, Sharjah, together with Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Umm Al Qawain, and Fujairah joined in the Act of Union to form the United Arab Emirates. The seventh emirate, Ras al-Khaimah, joined the UAE on 10 February 1972 following Iran's annexation of Ras al-Khaimah's Tunbs islands.[citation needed]

Like the other former Trucial States, Sharjah's name is known by many stamp collectors because of the large numbers of stamps that were issued by the Sharjah Post Office shortly before the formation of the United Arab Emirates. These stamps that were printed in profusion became worthless to collectors and came to be known as Dunes.[20] Many of the items featured on these stamps were unrelated to the emirate and therefore many catalogues do not list them.[21]

Districts and landmarks

[edit]
Sharjah City in the Northwest of the Emirate
Sharjah City is statistically subdivided into 32 districts. This consists of Sir Abu Nu’ayr island to the Southwest, and the Iran-controlled island of Abu Musa to the Northeast. The map does not show the two latter island districts.
 
District
بلديات
Name
DMG
Arabic Area
km2[22]
Population
2017[22]
Density[22] Coordinates remarks
Al Nahda quarter ... حي النهدة‎ 1,67 106103 63513   25°17′51″N 55°22′31″E / 25.2975°N 55.3753°E / 25.2975; 55.3753 (Al Nahda quarter) smallest, most dense
Al Majaz ... ضاحية المجاز‎ 3,34 116503 34837   25°19′36″N 55°23′07″E / 25.3266°N 55.3854°E / 25.3266; 55.3854 (Al Majaz) historic Downtown
Al Gharb ... حي الغرب‎ 1,81 61564 33974   25°21′42″N 55°23′33″E / 25.3617°N 55.3925°E / 25.3617; 55.3925 (Al Gharb) municipal headquarters
Al Qasimiah ... حي القاسمية‎ 4,88 159723 32721   25°21′14″N 55°23′41″E / 25.3538°N 55.3948°E / 25.3538; 55.3948 (Al Qasimiah)  
Al Sharq ... حي الشرق‎ 4,83 100548 20838   25°21′40″N 55°23′50″E / 25.3612°N 55.3971°E / 25.3612; 55.3971 (Al Sharq)  
Al Seneyat ... الصناعيات‎ 31,66 340376 10753   25°17′33″N 55°24′47″E / 25.2925°N 55.413°E / 25.2925; 55.413 (Al Seneyat)  
Al Jazeera suburb ... ضاحية الجزيرة 9,23 98698 10692   25°19′59″N 55°22′16″E / 25.3331°N 55.3712°E / 25.3331; 55.3712 (Al Jazeera suburb)  
Tugariet Muwaileh ... تجارية مويلح‎ 12,23 96926 7926   25°18′47″N 55°26′57″E / 25.313°N 55.4492°E / 25.313; 55.4492 (Tugariet Muwaileh)  
Al Riqah suburb ... ضاحية الرقة‎ 9,09 39414 4337   25°21′39″N 55°25′24″E / 25.3608°N 55.4233°E / 25.3608; 55.4233 (Al Riqah suburb)  
Halwan suburb ... ضاحية حلوان‎ 5,79 19389 3350   25°20′26″N 55°25′44″E / 25.3406°N 55.4289°E / 25.3406; 55.4289 (Halwan suburb)  
Al Hyrah Suburb ... ضاحية الحيرة‎ 5,73 18713 3268   25°23′24″N 55°24′51″E / 25.3901°N 55.4141°E / 25.3901; 55.4141 (Al Hyrah Suburb)  
Mughaider suburb ... ضاحية مغيدر‎ 8,35 23578 2826   25°19′24″N 55°26′23″E / 25.3233°N 55.4397°E / 25.3233; 55.4397 (Mughaider suburb)  
Wasit suburb ... ضاحية واسط‎ 12,07 20758 1720   25°21′56″N 55°26′53″E / 25.3655°N 55.448°E / 25.3655; 55.448 (Wasit suburb)  
Muwaiih suburb ... ضاحية مويلح‎ 25,79 30074 1167   25°16′38″N 55°31′19″E / 25.2772°N 55.522°E / 25.2772; 55.522 (Muwaiih suburb)  
Al Sajaah ... الصجعة‎ 55,16 53079 963   25°17′12″N 55°39′03″E / 25.2868°N 55.6509°E / 25.2868; 55.6509 (Al Sajaah)  
Al Ruqa Al Hamra ... الرقعة الحمراء‎ 32,88 19214 584   25°19′07″N 55°30′50″E / 25.3185°N 55.5139°E / 25.3185; 55.5139 (Al Ruqa Al Hamra)  
University City ... المدينة الجامعية‎ 13,39 4241 317   25°17′24″N 55°29′02″E / 25.2899°N 55.484°E / 25.2899; 55.484 (University City)  
Rahmaniyah suburb ... ضاحية الرحمانية‎ 39,21 9052 231   25°21′07″N 55°33′05″E / 25.352°N 55.5515°E / 25.352; 55.5515 (Rahmaniyah suburb)  
Basaten Al Zubair ... بساتين الزبير‎ 12,64 769 61   25°23′15″N 55°36′37″E / 25.3875°N 55.6102°E / 25.3875; 55.6102 (Basaten Al Zubair)  
Al Budaiya suburb ... ضاحية البديع‎ 41,04 2427 59   25°16′45″N 55°31′24″E / 25.2793°N 55.5234°E / 25.2793; 55.5234 (Al Budaiya suburb)  
Khalid Sea Port ... ميناء خالد‎ 2,23 120 54   25°21′50″N 55°22′39″E / 25.364°N 55.3775°E / 25.364; 55.3775 (Khalid Sea Port)  
Al Siyuh suburb ... ضاحية السيوح‎ 33,36 1793 54   25°12′56″N 55°37′33″E / 25.21568°N 55.62583°E / 25.21568; 55.62583 (Al Siyuh suburb)  
Al Zubair ... الزبير‎ 15,7 674 43   25°23′39″N 55°38′24″E / 25.3942°N 55.6401°E / 25.3942; 55.6401 (Al Zubair)  
Kaya Masaar ... ضاحية المنازل‎ 9,05 269 30   25°16′03″N 55°38′28″E / 25.2676°N 55.6412°E / 25.2676; 55.6412 (Kaya Masaar)  
Al Jlail ... الجليل‎ 11,82 135 11   25°21′19″N 55°38′15″E / 25.3554°N 55.6376°E / 25.3554; 55.6376 (Al Jlail)  
Al Shnouf ... الشنوف‎ 24,21 151 6   25°23′21″N 55°43′35″E / 25.3891°N 55.7265°E / 25.3891; 55.7265 (Al Shnouf)  
Suburb of Jweza ... ضاحية جويزع‎ 13,85 61 4   25°16′22″N 55°36′28″E / 25.2729°N 55.6079°E / 25.2729; 55.6079 (Suburb of Jweza)  
Mehathab ... مهذب‎ 15,68 38 2   25°24′17″N 55°38′33″E / 25.4047°N 55.6424°E / 25.4047; 55.6424 (Mehathab)  
Al Tayy suburb ... ضاحية الطي‎ 9,45 10 1   25°12′50″N 55°37′51″E / 25.21376°N 55.6308°E / 25.21376; 55.6308 (Al Tayy suburb)  
Al Sidairah ... السديره‎ 11,07 0 0   25°20′18″N 55°40′47″E / 25.3382°N 55.6796°E / 25.3382; 55.6796 (Al Sidairah)  
Sir Abu Nu'ayr Abū Ṣīr Nuʿair جزيرة صير أبو نعير‎ 13,23 30 2   25°13′34″N 54°14′17″E / 25.226°N 54.238°E / 25.226; 54.238 (2) remote island
Abu Musa ... جزيرة أبو موسى‎ 12,88 43 3   25°52′59″N 55°01′05″E / 25.883°N 55.018°E / 25.883; 55.018 (3) Iran-occupied island
Sharjah City Madīnat aš-Šāriqa مدينة الشارقة‎ 493,80 1324473 2684    
Panoramic view of Downtown Sharjah
Eye of the Emirates, a 60-metre (200 ft) tall Ferris wheel at Al Qasba.[23] Moved to Al Montazah Parks in 2018.[24]
Map of Sharjah's districts

Sharjah is the third largest city in the United Arab Emirates after Dubai and Abu Dhabi.[25] The palace of the ruler of the Emirate of Sharjah, Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of the city.

The city of Sharjah overlooks the Persian Gulf and has a population of over 1,600,000 (2022). It includes the main administrative centres of the Government of Sharjah along with commercial, cultural and traditional projects. The city hosts several museums of archaeology, natural history, science, arts, heritage, Islamic art and culture.[26] Distinctive landmarks include two major covered souks, reflecting Islamic design, and a number of recreational areas and public parks such as Al Montazah Fun Park and Al Buheirah Corniche. The city is also acclaimed for its numerous elegant mosques.[27]

Downtown Sharjah

[edit]

Downtown Sharjah or Sharjah City,[28] Al Majaz is a large-scale, mixed-use complex in Sharjah. It serves as the cultural and commercial heart of the emirate. It is characterized by a blend of traditional architecture, modern amenities, and numerous cultural landmarks.

Rolla Sharjah

[edit]

It is one of the older parts of the city. It is a key of commercial and residential hub within the emirate. Situated east of Khalid lake Rolla Sharjah stands out as a prominent community within the city as a historical and significant landmark within the city of Sharjah. The neighborhood derives its name from a historic banyan tree that once flourished in the area. Rolla is an integral part of the Al Ghuwair development.[29]

Muwaileh Commercial

[edit]

Muwaileh Commercial is a Suburb, Community city and residential area in Sharjah, with direct access to Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed Road (E311) and Maliah Road. Its a prominent and rapidly developing area in Sharjah. It borders Industrial Area 15 and 17 to the south, and is close to the University City of Sharjah.[30] It also features a diverse range of residential options, consisting of apartment buildings.

Rolla Square

[edit]

It is named after the large rolla (banyan tree) that once stood in the square,[31] which inspired the sculpture at the center of the park, Rolla Square is a common location for people to stroll, unwind and enjoy the tranquil environment during the weekends.[32] Rolla Square Market in Rolla Square is a vital part of the Sharjah shopping experience. Its mix of traditional market vibes where visitors can get their products at affordable prices and a wide range of products makes it a favorite for shoppers looking for deals and unique finds.[33]

Bank Street

[edit]

Bank street is located near the main area of Rolla, many bank branches and offices are located on the street. The street has an urban park which is unique as local residents were invited to nominate significant urban features — like benches, trees, playgrounds, and signage — from various cities worldwide that hold personal meaning to them, representing anything from remarkable stories to fleeting memories. These objects were selected from the residents' home countries or places they came across during their travels. They were either replicated in exact 1:1 scale or purchased and transported to the designated site.[34][35]

Al Hisn Sharjah

[edit]

Al Hisn, also known as Sharjah Fort was a fortified complex built in 1823 as the headquarters of the then-independent Emirate of Sharjah and the residence of the Al Qasimi family. Its situated in the center of the city, and was closed for renovations from 1996 to 2015, and it reopened its doors as an open-air museum under the administration of the Sharjah Museums Authority.[36] The materials that were used for the building of the fort — ceilings are made out of chandal (mangrove poles), kumbar (rope), du’un (bound palm branches) and haseer (palm matts). The walls, with a thickness of 70–80 cm, are plastered with corals, harvested from the Gulf seabed and held in place using jus – a mortar formed by crushing and burning corals, limestone and shells.[37]

"Smile, You're in Sharjah" roundabout

[edit]

Located between the Blue Souq and Fish Market, near the Union Bank Tower, the floral call to cheer up engraved on the roundabout has given its name to the roundabout itself. "Smile, You're in Sharjah" is a welcome sign, spelled out in flowers in the middle of a roundabout notorious for its rush-hour traffic jams.[38]

Gold Souq

[edit]

Sharjah Central Souq, or Gold Souq (Arabic: سوق, lit. 'market'), stands as Sharjah premier shopping destination and comprises a gold souq, clothing souq, and antiques and jewellery shops. It stands out due to its design by British architects Michael Lyle & Partners under the guidance of Sharjah's ruler, H.H Sheikh Dr. Sultan Bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, the building was completed in 1978. Its architecture evokes a grand-scale traditional bazaar. It is situated along the Khalid Lagoon and offers a stunning view of sunset, reflecting its beauty across the water.[39] The Central Souq which is also called the Blue Souq includes around 600 shops and each shop has the unique masterpiece design.[40]

Mahatta Fort

[edit]

Mahatta Fort, now known as the Al Mahatta Museum, is a museum on the site of the first airport built in the region in 1932 by Imperial Airways. The adjacent fort was constructed by then-Ruler of Sharjah Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi as a rest stop for travelling crew and for protection against any potential attacks.[41][42] The fort and airport were used extensively by the Royal Air Force during World War II, and after the war the fort became the headquarters of the Trucial Oman Scouts.[43] The airport remained in use up to 1977, when Sharjah International Airport opened. The runway strip was converted into a highway and the buildings were renovated into Al Mahatta Museum, which opened in 2000.[43]

The Heart of Sharjah

[edit]
Sharjah Heritage District

The Heart of Sharjah is an ongoing[needs update] renovation and preservation project of the former old city center of Sharjah.[44] The project aims to develop the former old city center into an open-air museum with various smaller museums, galleries and commercial centers. The project is home to a 5-star hotel and the traditional Souk Al Arsa, a covered souk with an array of items for sale, including antiques.[45]

Al Qasba Canal

[edit]

Al-Qasba Canal is a 1-kilometer-long canal that runs through the center of Sharjah. Located along its waterfront are several apartments, shops, and tourist attractions of the Al Qasba community.[46] The theatre in Qasba celebrates different types of cultural events every year. It became more crowded during the festival season.[47]

Sharjah Heritage Museum

[edit]

The Sharjah Heritage Museum is situated near the Bait Al Naboodah, directly across from Souq Al Arsah. It is built around a shaded courtyard as a reconstruction of traditional family life. There are many rooms which have display of traditional furniture along with household items including children's costumes, toys, and jewellery.

Sharjah National Park

[edit]

Sharjah National Park spanning nearly 630,000 sq ft (59,000 m2) is the city's largest green space, offering a wide range of attractions ideal for families which is popular among both locals and tourists, it features amenities such as barbecue areas with picnic tables and grilling stations, a playground with swings and slides under sheltering canopies, and a duck pond. Moreover, visitors can explore cycling tracks and a miniature clay model of Sharjah's landmarks. There is a small mosque for prayers nearby[48]

Sharjah Aquarium

[edit]

Since its opening in 2008 Sharjah's Aquarium which is located in Al Layyeh, has become an attraction to adults and children. Managed by the Sharjah Museums Authority, renowned for its educational initiatives, the aquarium features 20 tanks across two floors, housing diverse sea creatures in a sprawling 6,500 square meter space. The Sharjah Underwater Walk is a unique experience at the Sharjah Aquarium which allow visitors to explore marine life closely. Visitors can walk along the aquarium floor while submerged in water, surrounded by a variety of fish and other sea creatures.[49] Ready to explore? Here is everything one should know about this captivating attraction.[50]

Al Noor Island

[edit]
Aerial view of Al Noor Island
Inside Al Noor island with Sharjah skyline in the back

Al Noor Island is located in the Khalid Lagoon covering an area of 45,470 m2 (489,400 sq ft). It has been developed by Shurooq to be a state of art culture and a leisure destination that engages people with nature and inspires Sharjah's fast growing tourism sector.[51] The island is accessible via a short boat ride from the mainland and also can reach through the pedestrian bridge that connects it to the mainland. It is designed to offer a serene escape from city life, boasting stunning lighting displays, art sculptures, and a tranquil Literature Pavilion such as the 'OVO' and 'Torus' displays. The island's is intended to convey a peaceful ambience consistent with being a family-friendly destination.[52]

Maryam Island

[edit]

Maryam Island is a beachfront destination that oversees the Arabian sea. It is one of the largest projects in the emirate with an investment of 2.4 billion Dirhams (US$650M).[53] Waterside development is planned to spread across 460,000 m2 (5,000,000 sq ft), with a built-up area of 310,000 m2 (3,300,000 sq ft).[54][55] The Maryam Island development will feature 38 residential buildings with over 35,000 units. This community will offer residents many facilities which includes a 900-metre waterfront promenade, fitness clubs, swimming pools for kids and adults, an indoor garden, 4,000 square metre Maryam Park, jogging tracks, basketball courts, and a playground for children.[56]

Wildlife Centers

[edit]

The Arabian Wildlife Center opened in 1999 and was home to more than 100 species of animals. Situated at a convenient location, this center was quite close to the Sharjah International Airport. The Sharjah Wildlife Centre has introduced a pair of rare long-eared hedgehogs which is one of the fascinating species at the centre. These hedgehogs are known for their distinctive long ears, which help them detect predators and navigate their environment.[57] Despite the hot and dry conditions in most of Arabia, there were a number of mammal species who adapted to these conditions.[58] The Breeding Centre for Endangered Wildlife, a sister facility,[59] was a member of the EAZA, like Al Ain Zoo in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi,[60] but is now closed to the public.[61] The fauna, including the Arabian leopard, which are found in the mountains in the eastern part of the country,[59] were transferred to Al Hefaiyah Conservation Centre in the eastern area of Kalba.[62] In 2001, The center assisted Yemeni zoos in Sana'a and Ta'izz with the management of their animals.[59]

Al Majaz Waterfront

[edit]

Al Majaz Waterfront is a leisure area, a waterfront landmark of Sharjah Featuring an audio-video dancing fountain, miniature golf and a number of restaurants. At a distance of 1 km from Blue Souk, 18 km from Sharjah International Airport and 14 km from Dubai International Airport.[63]

In 2023 a redevelopment project was done involving a complete overhaul of the park, including the installation of a new irrigation system, construction of new walking paths, children's play areas, and a parking plot valued around 5.5 million AED which took 6 months to complete.[64] This is the main attractions for family and friends in Sharjah where many activities like waterside destination which includes mini golf, a splash park, a mini-train and many more attractions are available for kids.[65]

Rain Room

[edit]

Rain Room, an experiential artwork created by Hannes Koch and Florian Ortkrass of Random International in 2012, was permanently installed for the first time in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, in 2018. This artwork allows people to visit the installation and walk through a rain downpour without getting wet, as their movement in dark spaces is detected by motion sensors. The Sharjah Art Foundation constructed a purpose-built visitor center located in the city's residential area of Al Majarrah to house the permanent installation of Rain Room.[66][67] The Sharjah Rain Room recycles about 1,200 liters of rainwater during each visit.[68]

The Flying Saucer

[edit]

Reconstructed in 2015 and launched as a redeveloped arts and community center in 2020, The Flying Saucer, Sharjah is a brutalist building dating back to the 1970s. It was re-opened after a two-year renovation project by the Sharjah Art Foundation (SAF).[69] The Flying Saucer building looks like a circular with a dome-like structure on top and its roof is wide, disc-shaped with a smooth and clean finish which is supported by several V shaped columns.[70]

The Sharjah Light Festival is held every year since 2010 in various landmarks around Sharjah. It is a display of lights using projectors and lasers on buildings. Usually, the shows have a small storyline or a theme.[71][72]

Places of worship

[edit]

Sharjah's largest mosque, the "Sharjah Mosque"[73][74] was inaugurated in May 2019. Located in the area of Tay, at the junction of the Emirates Road and the road to Mleiha. It can accommodate up to 25,000 worshipers, with an interior capacity of over 5,000 people.[75] Two coins, one gold and one silver, each inscribed with a verse from the Quran, were issued by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates, and designed by the Sharjah Islamic Bank, to commemorate the occasion.[76] Earlier, the King Faisal Mosque, named after King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, had been the largest in the Emirate[77] and country,[citation needed] with an area of 10,000–12,000 m2 (110,000–130,000 sq ft).[78][79]

In 1997, a Syriac Orthodox church, St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Soonoro Patriarchal Cathedral, was consecrated to accommodate a growing population of Syriac Christians, many of whom are migrant workers from Kerala and southern India.[80]

Al Rahmaniyah Parks

[edit]

In March 2021, the Sharjah Investment and Development authorities opened two parks in Al Rahmaniyah, Kshisha and Shaghrafa, built in a total area of 147,700 m2 (1,590,000 sq ft). It included a female-only park, along with entertainment, social, sports and educational facilities.[81] It also includes an artificial pond where visitors can feed the duck. Barbecues are prohibited on the site of the park, so visitors can bring their own food into the park.[82]

House of Wisdom

[edit]

In December 2020, Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi inaugurated a library inspired by the original House of Wisdom in Baghdad. The building was designed by Foster and Partners, extending over 12,000 m2 (130,000 sq ft).[83] On the grounds of the library is a large art piece entitled "The Scroll", a contemporary interpretation of the ancient Arabic scrolls, made by Gerry Judah. It was made to celebrate the Emirate of Sharjah being named the UNESCO World Book Capital for 2019.[84]

UNESCO world heritage status

[edit]

The Faya Palaeolandscape in Sharjah, UAE, has advanced in its nomination for UNESCO World Heritage status under the “Cultural Landscape” category. Located in Sharjah's Central Region, Faya offers one of the oldest and most continuous records of early human presence in Arabia, dating back over 210,000 years. Recent archaeological studies have shifted the perception of Faya from a mere transit point to a site of repeated human settlement, owing to its favorable conditions such as access to water, flint resources, and natural shelters. Led by Sheikha Bodour bint Sultan Al Qasimi, the nomination emphasizes Faya's significance as a "living archive" that enhances our understanding of human evolution and resilience. A comprehensive conservation plan for 2024–2030 has been developed to ensure the site's preservation, aligning with UNESCO's standards and reinforcing the UAE's commitment to protecting its ancient cultural landscapes.[85]

Climate

[edit]

Sharjah has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with warm winters and extremely hot summers. The average daytime temperature during the summer ranges between 38 °C (100 °F) to 42 °C (108 °F), and on some days the temperature exceeds 45 °C (113 °F) mainly during the hottest months of July and August. During winter, the average daytime temperature rarely exceeds 30 °C (86 °F). Rainfall is generally light and erratic, and occurs generally from November to July. February and March account for nearly two-third of the year's rainfall.[86]

Climate data for Sharjah (Sharjah International Airport) 1991-2020
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.5
(90.5)
38.7
(101.7)
42.5
(108.5)
44.6
(112.3)
46.9
(116.4)
48.5
(119.3)
49.0
(120.2)
48.5
(119.3)
47.7
(117.9)
43.0
(109.4)
37.7
(99.9)
33.9
(93.0)
49.0
(120.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 24.8
(76.6)
26.5
(79.7)
29.6
(85.3)
34.9
(94.8)
39.7
(103.5)
41.9
(107.4)
42.9
(109.2)
42.9
(109.2)
40.7
(105.3)
36.9
(98.4)
31.4
(88.5)
26.9
(80.4)
34.9
(94.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.5
(65.3)
19.9
(67.8)
22.7
(72.9)
27.1
(80.8)
31.4
(88.5)
33.7
(92.7)
35.5
(95.9)
35.3
(95.5)
32.6
(90.7)
29.0
(84.2)
24.4
(75.9)
20.5
(68.9)
27.6
(81.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.8
(55.0)
13.8
(56.8)
16.3
(61.3)
19.7
(67.5)
23.7
(74.7)
26.5
(79.7)
29.2
(84.6)
28.9
(84.0)
25.9
(78.6)
22.2
(72.0)
18.1
(64.6)
14.5
(58.1)
21.0
(69.7)
Record low °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1)
2.5
(36.5)
5.8
(42.4)
10.9
(51.6)
13.0
(55.4)
17.8
(64.0)
21.7
(71.1)
22.2
(72.0)
18.4
(65.1)
12.3
(54.1)
8.1
(46.6)
4.9
(40.8)
2.5
(36.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 22.4
(0.88)
12.2
(0.48)
23.2
(0.91)
4.8
(0.19)
0.1
(0.00)
0.5
(0.02)
2.9
(0.11)
0.022
(0.00)
0.3
(0.01)
2.1
(0.08)
6.9
(0.27)
18.2
(0.72)
93.7
(3.69)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 2.9 2.6 3.6 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.7 0.0 2.0 1.0 1.9 2.8 22.6
Average relative humidity (%) 69 67 63 53 47 52 53 53 59 62 64 69 59.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 235.1 230.7 265.4 296.3 333.1 307.3 319.0 302.6 279.8 286.5 251.8 229.5 3,337.1
Source 1: NOAA (humidity 1981–2010)[87][88]
Source 2: National Center of Meteorology Climate Yearly Report 2003-2019[89]

Transport

[edit]
Sharjah Airport

Development of transportation services in Sharjah is a critical long-term task. Planned by the SPTC since 2008, the Sharjah Metro[90][91] will be the third metro system in the UAE after the Dubai Metro and the Abu Dhabi Metro. The Sharjah Tram has been planned since 2015,[92] and will be the second tram system in the country after the Dubai Tram.

Air

[edit]

The Sharjah International Airport is the third-largest Middle East airfreight hub in cargo tonnage, according to official 2015 statistics from Airports Council International.[citation needed] Sharjah International Airport is the home base of Air Arabia, a low-cost carrier.

The first international flight in Sharjah landed on 5 October 1932 in the Mahatta Fort airstrip as part of a refueling stop on Imperial Airways's India–Britain route. The former airport hosted a cinema, hotel, and a restaurant, and would eventually become a Royal Air Force military base until the UAE's independence in 1971. Mahatta Fort was the main international airport for the city until 1976, when traffic moved to Sharjah International Airport.[93]

Road

[edit]

There are two major series of highways in Sharjah, which are "E" and "S". E represents roads connecting other emirates, and S for roads within the emirate.

The major roads in Sharjah include:

  • E 88: Al Dhaid Road, connecting to the Emirate of Fujairah.
  • E 102: Sharjah–Kalbah Road, connecting to Fujairah and Kalba.
  • E 311: Sheikh Mohammad Bin Zayed Road, connecting to Dubai, Ajman and Ras al-Khaimah.
  • E 11: Al Ittihad Road, connecting to Dubai.
  • E 611: Emirates Road, connecting to Dubai, Ajman and Ras Al-Khaimah
  • S 112: Maliha Road/King Faisal Street.[citation needed]

Taxi

[edit]
Emirates Cab

The Sharjah Public Transportation Corporation organizes and supervises the operations of taxis in Sharjah Emirate. Sharjah taxi service is provided through franchise companies. They are the major taxi operators in the emirates. If one goes from one emirate to another, taxi drivers will charge 20 dirhams as rent. They cover all parts of the Emirate and cities, including shopping centers, residential areas and airport.

  • Sharjah Taxi: Sharjah City and Eastern Regions.
  • Emirates Cab: Sharjah City.
  • City Taxi: Sharjah City and Eastern Regions.
  • Union Taxi: Sharjah City.
  • Advantage Taxi: Sharjah City and Central Regions.[94]

The Sharjah Transport Corporation also provides shared transportation with the purpose of serving certain routes in Sharjah on a fixed rate for each route without using the meter. Sharjah Sharing Taxi routes are carefully selected to support people with low income covering areas with frequent needs for quick transfer within the same location, to ease the traffic situation in Sharjah.[94]

Intercity transport

[edit]

The SRTA operates passenger bus services nationwide, between Sharjah City (Sharjah Al Jubail Bus station), Ras Al Khaimah, Khor Fakkan, Kalba, Fujairah, Masafi, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Hamriyah Free Zone, Dhaid, Al Madam, Dibba Al Hisn, Abu Dhabi, Al Ain and Dubai.[citation needed]

Utility services

[edit]

Utility services in the emirate are provided by the Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority, which provides electricity, water and LPG connections to about 2 million consumers. They have over 4,000 employees serving areas as far as Dhaid, Kalba and Khorfakkan. Telephone services in the emirate, both fixed lines and mobile services, are provided by the government-owned Etisalat and du communication.[95][96]

Culture

[edit]
Modern Art exhibition by Barjeel Art Foundation at the Sharjah Art Museum

UAE culture mainly revolves around the religion of Islam and traditional Arab culture. The influence of Islamic and Arabic culture on its architecture, music, attire, cuisine and lifestyle are very prominent. Five times a day, Muslims are called to prayer from the minarets of mosques, which are spread across the country. Since 2006, the weekend has been Friday and Saturday, as a compromise between Friday's holiness to Muslims and the Western weekend of Saturday and Sunday.[97]

The sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited in the emirate without an alcohol license and alcohol is not served in hotels, restaurants or other outlets in Sharjah. This has helped Sharjah increase the number of Islamic tourists who visit the country.[98] Sharjah was designated the 2019 World Book Capital by UNESCO.[99]

A cultural heritage project, Heart of Sharjah, has been undertaken to preserve and restore the old town of Sharjah and return it to its 1950s glory. A five-phase project intended for completion in 2025, the project is being undertaken by the Sharjah Investment and Development Authority, Shurooq, together with the Sharjah Institute for Heritage, the Sharjah Museums Department, and the Sharjah Art Foundation.[100]

Sharjah International Book Fair is a cultural event held every year in Sharjah.

Economy

[edit]
Sharjah Central Souq at night

Sharjah is the headquarters of Air Arabia, the first low-cost airline in the Middle East, which operates to the Middle East, Asia and Europe. Its headquarters are located in the Sharjah Freight Center, on the property of the Sharjah International Airport.[101][102]

The Sharjah Airport International Free Zone, popularly known as "SAIF Zone", is one of the prominent free-trade zones in the UAE. More than 6000 companies operate from SAIF Zone. The cost of setting up business in Sharjah is less than in any other emirates of the UAE, and the focus of industrialization (Sharjah Industrial area) has in recent years turned Sharjah into a commercial center.[citation needed] Thanks to its 100% foreign ownership and exemption from income and corporate taxes, SAIF Zone has attracted investors from more than 90 countries.[103] This led to a business friendly atmosphere leading to a 6.5 percent surge, reaching approximately AED 145.2 billion in 2023, compared to 136.4 billion in 2022, which marked a 4.9 percent growth from 2021.[104]

Demographics

[edit]

According to the 2022 census, the total population of the emirate was 1.8 million, with 1.6 million of them residing in the city of Sharjah. Of the 1.8 million total population of the emirate, 208,000 were Emirati citizens, and the remainder were expatriates.[1]

Like the rest of the UAE, Arabic is the official and national language of the emirate and is used in all official capacities. However, all traffic signs, information posts, and government press releases are also written in English.[105] South Asian languages such as Tamil, Hindi, Odia, Urdu, Malayalam, Telugu, Bengali etc are spoken widely by the residents of emirate. Russian is also used by the Russian and Central Asian community. Islam is the predominant religion in the emirate.

Education

[edit]

There are several public and private schools in addition to universities in Sharjah, including the University of Sharjah, University of Al Dhaid (which has a strategic relationship with the UK's University of Liverpool, and together they have established the University of Al Dhaid College of Veterinary Medicine, American University of Sharjah, Skyline College Sharjah, Al Qasimia University, Westford School of Management, Exeed School of Business and Finance, Sharjah Men's College and Sharjah Women's College. Few of these universities are located in an area called the University City. Private schools in the city include the International School of Creative Science, Wesgreen International School, Westminster School, Victoria English School, Sharjah Indian School, Sharjah English School, Delta English School, Emirates National School, American Community School Sharjah, Indian School Sharjah, the International School of Choueifat, Sharjah, Sharjah High School, DPS Delhi Private School, Gulf Asian English School, Our Own English High School and the American School of Creative Science.

Human Rights

[edit]

LGBTQ rights

[edit]

In addition to the UAE federal laws which criminalize homosexuality, the penal code in Sharjah actively discriminates against LGBTQ individuals. For example, Article 176 of the Sharjah Penal Code (1970) punishes "unnatural crimes (Sodomy)"—defined as "sexual intercourse with another person in contravention of the laws of nature" or "allowing a male to have intercourse with them in contravention of the laws of nature"—with imprisonment up to 10 years. Article 181 establishes that "sexual intercourse" is deemed to have occurred once the sexual organ has entered in the slightest degree, regardless of whether that entry is accompanied by secretion of semen.[106] See also LGBT people and Islam

Healthcare

[edit]

Healthcare in Sharjah can be divided into two different sectors, Public and Private. Public hospitals in the emirates are administered by the government of Sharjah through the Ministry of Health. The emirate also has 9 public medical centers to provide primary health care services.

Sports

[edit]
One Day International at Sharjah in 1998 (Australia v India)

The Sharjah Cricket Stadium has hosted almost 238 One Day International cricket matches, which is more than any other ground, and 4 test matches.[needs update] Sharjah FC plays in the UAE Pro League. Sharjah also has a chess club.[107]

The Sharjah Cricket Stadium was one of the three stadiums to hold 2020 IPL matches.

Sharjah hosts the final round of the Union Internationale Motonautique Formula 1 Powerboat World Championship every year in December.[108] They also have a circuit powerboat team, Sharjah Team. Rusty Wyatt and Filip Roms drive for them in F1.[109] Andrè Faye Solvang won the 2024 UIM F4 World Championship for the team.[110]

Notable people

[edit]
  • Ebtisam AbdulAziz
  • Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Almusallam
  • Hussain Ayed
  • Emira D'Spain
  • Ahmed Khalil
  • Shaykha al-Nakhi
  • Lubna Khalid Al Qasimi
  • Sultan Al-Jasmi
  • Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi
  • Asmaa al-Zarouni
  • Abdullah bin Salem bin Theban

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

Sharjah is twinned with Granada, SpainSpain.[111]

[edit]

See also

[edit]
  • Al Heera Beach Sharjah
  • Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates
  • Sharjah Police Force
  • Sharjah Art Foundation
  • Hamriyah Port
  • Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization
  • Sharjah Cup

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  101. ^ "Low cost & regionals: Arabian pioneers". Flightglobal.com. 23 April 2007. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  102. ^ "Contact Info". Air Arabia. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  103. ^ "Sharjah Airport Free (SAIF) Zone: Ideal Business Hub". www.alphapartners.co. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  104. ^ Saleh, Amjad (22 May 2024). "Sharjah's economy demonstrates robust 6.5% growth in 2023". Emirates News Agency – WAM. p. 1. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  105. ^ "Fact sheet – The Official Portal of the UAE Government". u.ae. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  106. ^ Curtis, John; Dickson, Anna; Loft, Philip; Mills, Claire; Rajendralal, Reshma (9 February 2022). "LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East" (PDF). parliament.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  107. ^ "Sharjah Chess Masters". Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  108. ^ "Andrè Faye Solvang".
  109. ^ "F1 Drivers".
  110. ^ "Solvang F4 win".
  111. ^ "Sultan attends signing of Sharjah-Granada sister city agreement". WAM. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
[edit]
  • (in Arabic) Official website
  • Official Sharjah Tourism Website

 

 

Photographic safari in Sabi Sands Game Reserve, South Africa

A safari (/səˈfɑːri/; from Swahili safari 'journey' originally from Arabic safar 'to journey') is an overland journey to observe or hunt wild animals, especially in East Africa.[1][2][3] The so-called "Big Five" game animals of Africa – lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, and Cape buffalo – particularly form an important part of the safari market, both for wildlife viewing and big-game hunting.[4]

Ernest Hemingway posing with a Cape buffalo he shot on a safari hunt in Africa in the early 1950s

Etymology

[edit]

The Swahili word safari means "journey", originally from the Arabic noun سفر, safar, meaning "journey",[5] "travel", "trip", or "tour"; the verb for "to travel" in Swahili is kusafiri. These words are used for any type of journey, e.g., by bus from Nairobi to Mombasa or by ferry from Dar es Salaam to Unguja. Safari entered the English language at the end of the 1850s thanks to explorer Richard Francis Burton.[6]

The Regimental March of the King's African Rifles was "Funga Safari", literally 'set out on a journey', or, in other words, pack up equipment ready for travel.

Funga safari, funga safari. Funga safari, funga safari. Amri ya nani? Amri ya nani? Amri ya Bwana Kapteni, Amri ya KAR.

Which is, in English:

Set out on a journey, Set out on a journey. On whose orders? On whose orders? On the order of the boss captain, On the order of the KAR.

On Kenya's independence from the United Kingdom, "Funga Safari" was retained as the Regimental March of the Kenya Rifles, the successor to the KAR.

History

[edit]

The origins of safari can be traced back to the first arrivals of Europeans and Arabs in Africa, long before the colonization era, but the big history of it began in the 19th century, when academic and economic interest to Africa increased in Western society, and technological advances and medicine (most notably the discovery of quinine as a remedy against malaria) allowed foreigners to step up deep into the continent safely enough. These expeditions established the concept of safari-style travel. While the goal of most was geographical discovery, the search for minerals and new routes of communication, others were primarily aimed at hunting animals, and elephant tusks at the first.[7]

In 1836, William Cornwallis Harris led an expedition to observe and record wildlife and landscapes. Harris established the safari style of journey, starting with a not-too-strenuous rising at first light, an energetic day walking, an afternoon rest, and concluding with a formal dinner and telling stories in the evening over drinks and tobacco.[8] The hunting aspect traditionally associated with the safari is said to have its origins in the early 17th century in the region of Évora, Alentejo, where villagers got together to hunt wild boar and reclaim land for farming.[citation needed]

The firm of Newland & Tarlton Ltd (founded 1904) pioneered luxury tented safaris.[9]

Literary genre

[edit]

Jules Verne's first novel Five Weeks in a Balloon published in 1863 and H. Rider Haggard's first novel King Solomon's Mines published in 1885, both describe journeys of English travellers on safari and were best sellers in their day. These two books gave rise to a genre of Safari adventure novels and films.[citation needed]

Ernest Hemingway wrote several fiction and nonfiction pieces about African safaris. His short stories "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber" and "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" are set on African safaris and were written after Hemingway's own experience on safari. His books Green Hills of Africa and True at First Light are both set on African safaris.

Cinematic genre

[edit]

The safari provided countless hours of cinema entertainment in sound films from Trader Horn (1931) onwards. The safari was used in many adventure films such as the Tarzan, Jungle Jim, and Bomba the Jungle Boy film series up to The Naked Prey (1965) where Cornel Wilde, a white hunter, becomes game himself. The safari genre films were parodied in the Bob Hope comedies Road to Zanzibar and Call Me Bwana. A short 15-minute helicopter safari was shown in Africa Addio, where clients are armed, flown from their hotel, and landed in front of an unlucky and baffled elephant. Out of Africa has Karen Blixen and famous hunter Denys Finch Hatton travelling, with Denys refusing to abandon home comforts using fine china and crystal, and listening to Mozart recordings over the gramophone while on safari trip.

Fashion

[edit]
A man in safari gear in the early 1900s
A man in safari gear in the early 1900s

The safari style originated from British officers and the jackets worn during their campaigns in Africa.[10] There is a particular theme or style associated with the word, which includes khaki clothing, belted bush jackets, pith helmets or slouch hats, and animal skin patterns. Pith helmet was initially worn by the British military in the tropics and was adopted as streetwear between 1870 and 1950.[11] Condé Nast Traveler describes safari jackets as, "crisp drill cotton with pockets, buttons, epaulets, belt", and a part of Kenyan colonial style.[11]

Theodore Roosevelt was "outfitted" in safari-style by his friend Lord Cranworth during his post-presidential safari trip from 1909 to 1910.[12] Lord Cranworth ran Newland & Tarlton, a luxury safari outfitter credited with creating safari-style clothing.[13] Other sources state Roosevelt was outfitted by Willis & Geiger in 1908.[14] Roosevelt carried British style rifles produced by Holland & Holland or Westley Richards, as did other safari attendees such as Ernest Hemingway.[11] Safari-style jackets have been worn by Hemingway as well as Hollywood celebrities like Grace Kelly and Johnny Weissmuller, and they remain a part of contemporary fashion.[11]

In the 2005 spring/summer edition of British Vogue, an article titled "World Vision: the grown-up approach to global style" featured haute safari style clothing.[15] Contemporary American public figures such as Melania Trump have worn safari fashion. Mrs. Trump wore a safari-style dress and jackets during her 2018 trip to Africa.[16] On this trip Mrs. Trump went on a safari in Kenya, she wore a pith helmet. Some have criticized the choice as evoking colonial ideals.[16] In 2014, Harper's Bazaar announced trend alerts featuring animal prints and a “safari sleek" style.[17] Couture designers in their 2015 fashion shows featured variations of safari-style in their collections. Designer Yang Lei featured a silk safari-style evening gown in his Spring/Summer collection during Paris Fashion Week.[18] Alexander Wang's collection focused on a variety of white shirts, including a safari-style white shirt dress.[19] The New York Times described designer Alberta Ferretti's 2015 daywear collection as "safari-sleek".[20]

In John Molloy's history of the leisure suit, he details that safari-style originated from British Officers wearing their uniforms outside military uses as "a status symbol, but only in casual settings."[21] Molloy stated in 1975 that it continues to be a form of casual menswear.[10] Alternatively, in Malindi Kenya, professional wear in the 1990s included safari-style clothing.[22] Yves Saint Laurent's 1967 Africa collection featured the "Saharienne" safari jacket.[23] In later collections, Yves Saint Laurent produced an iconic safari top.[23] According to Harper's Bazaar, the collection was "a fantasy of primitive genius."[24] On the other hand, differing fashion historians believe He had the gift of borrowing from one culture without being condescending to the other.[24]

The term safari chic arose after the release of the film Out of Africa.[25] It included not only clothing but also interior design and architecture.[26] Safari-style interiors feature African decor,[27] various hues of brown, natural materials,[28] animal print furniture, rugs and wallpaper.[29] In 2005 Architectural Digest released a list of luxurious safari camps.[30] Newland, Tarlton & Co. Furniture Collection, creates luxury safari-style furniture in featured safari camps, hotels and private homes.[31] Safari fashion also extends to fragrance collections by American designer Ralph Lauren; The Safari fragrance created in 1990 was advertised as "a floral aroma with a light breeze scented by grasses, freedom, and the romance of vast open spaces."[32]

See also

[edit]
  • Safari park
  • Ecotourism in Africa
  • Overlanding
  • Horses in Botswana
  • Big-game hunting
  • Glamping

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Safari definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  2. ^ "safari noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary". www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Definition of SAFARI". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  4. ^ Robinson, Peter; Lück, Michael; Smith, Stephen (2020). Tourism (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: CABI. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-78924-151-8. OCLC 1125274664.
  5. ^ Hans Wehr Arabic-English Dictionary
    The noun safar is in turn derived from the Arabic verb safara, from the root s-f-r.
  6. ^ "safari". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 December 2014. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    See also:
    "safari in English corpus, 1800–2000". Google Ngram Viewer. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  7. ^ "What a safari is?". Nile Sport Safari. 1 February 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  8. ^ pp.6–7 Balfour, Daryl & Balfour, Sharna Simply Safari Struik, 2001
  9. ^ In the Spirit of Roosevelt Archived 21 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine; Newland & Tarlton Ltd
  10. ^ a b Cunningham, Patricia. "Dressing for Success: The Re-Suiting of Corporate America in the 1970s". Twentieth-Century American Fashion: 191–208.
  11. ^ a b c d Wrong, Michela (8 October 2013). "A Brief History of Safari Style". Condé Nast Traveler. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Hunter-Conservationist or... Jekyll and Hyde?". Time. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  13. ^ Adams, Jonathan S.; McShane, Thomas O. (1996). The Myth of Wild Africa: Conservation Without Illusion. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20671-7.
  14. ^ Kissel, William (31 October 1996). "The Fashion Survivalist". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  15. ^ Kopnina, Helen (1 December 2007). "The World According to Vogue: The Role of Culture(s) in International Fashion Magazines". Dialectical Anthropology. 31 (4): 363–381. doi:10.1007/s10624-007-9030-9. hdl:1887/39655. ISSN 1573-0786. S2CID 145724877. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023 – via Scholarly Publications Leiden University.
  16. ^ a b Friedman, Vanessa (8 October 2018). "Melania Trump: Out of Africa, Still in Costume". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  17. ^ "Shop The Bazaar: Safari Sleek". Harper's Bazaar. 4 November 2014. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  18. ^ Friedman, Vanessa (4 March 2015). "Slouching Toward Versailles". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  19. ^ Friedman, Vanessa (2 October 2015). "Alexander Wang's Finale at Balenciaga". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  20. ^ Friedman, Vanessa (24 September 2015). "Fendi and Ferretti Find a New Muse". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  21. ^ Cunningham, Patricia (2008). "Dressing for Success: The Re-Suiting of Corporate America in the 1970s". Twentieth-Century American Fashion: 191–208. doi:10.2752/9781847882837/TCAF0014. ISBN 9781847882837.
  22. ^ Kratz, Corinne. "Kenya". Bloomsbury Fashion Central.
  23. ^ a b Loughran, Kristyne (21 April 2015). "The Idea of Africa in European High Fashion: Global Dialogues". Fashion Theory. 13 (2): 243–271. doi:10.2752/175174109X414277. S2CID 156014459.
  24. ^ a b Loughran, Kristyne (21 April 2015). "The Idea of Africa in European High Fashion: Global Dialogues". Fashion Theory: 243–271 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  25. ^ p.175 Bickford-Smith, Vivian & Mendelsohn, Richard Black and White in Colour: African History on Screen James Currey Publishers
  26. ^ Gibbs, Bibi Jordan Safari Chic: Wild Exteriors and Polished Interiors of Africa Smith Publisher, 2000
  27. ^ Alexander, Robyn (2007). The New Safari: Design, Decor, Detail. Quivertree Publications. ISBN 978-0-9802651-0-1.
  28. ^ "21 Marvelous African Inspired Interior Design Ideas". Architecture Art Designs. 26 January 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  29. ^ Clark, Emily A. (11 November 2014). "Decorate Your Home in African Safari Style". Condé Nast Traveler. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  30. ^ Sessa, Andrew (24 September 2015). "Best New African Safari Camps". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  31. ^ Safaris, Donald Young (3 December 2014). "Kenya's Oldest Luxury Brand". Newland Tarlton Safaris by Donald Young. Retrieved 18 April 2020.[dead link]
  32. ^ Sims, Shari (2010). "Fragrance as Fashion: So Much More Than Perfume". In Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion: Global Perspectives. doi:10.2752/9781847888594.EDch101414. ISBN 978-1-84788-859-4.
[edit]

Media related to Safari at Wikimedia Commons

 

The dictionary definition of safari at Wiktionary

 

African flora and fauna travel guide from Wikivoyage

 

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Frequently Asked Questions

Yes! Buggy Dubai can be combined with quad biking, camel rides, sandboarding, desert safaris, BBQ dinners, and even hot air balloon rides. We offer comprehensive packages that maximize your desert adventure experience.

No driving license is required for Buggy Dubai experiences. Our certified guides provide complete instructions and lead the tour. However, drivers must be at least 16 years old and able to operate the vehicle safely under guidance.

Buggy Dubai tours are available in three durations: 30 minutes for quick thrills, 60 minutes for the standard experience, and 120 minutes for extended desert exploration. You can choose based on your schedule and adventure appetite.